Agglayer is a core component of Polygon 2.0 that unifies decentralized blockchains by aggregating and ensuring atomic cross-chain transactions. It employs a new validation mechanism called pessimistic proof, assuming that all connected chains are insecure, and ultimately utilizes zero-knowledge proofs to ensure the correctness of cross-chain operations.

The rise of modular blockchain represents a more "soulful" approach to pluggable products. In this approach, blockchain is no longer seen as a closed system, but as an open, scalable platform where various services and functions can be easily plugged in and unplugged like Lego blocks.

Shared provers can reduce the proof cost of zk applications and improve proof efficiency.

From a more macro perspective, the Cancun upgrade is a key stage in Ethereum's transition from proof of work (PoW) to proof of stake (PoS).

Entering 2024, Rollup begins to differentiate into four types.

Subsquid Network is an innovative decentralized data lake and query engine designed to provide developers with high-performance, permissionless data access. The Subsquid network is protected by zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs and employs a modular architecture, specifically designed for exceptional scalability and developer convenience, optimized particularly for blockchain indexing, dApp development, and analytics.

In a world where L2 solutions are gradually becoming the standard for widespread adoption, modular blockchains are transforming the architecture of blockchain by dividing execution, settlement, consensus, and data availability layers.

The ZKP ecosystem is gradually becoming specialized, with different companies focusing on specific parts of the ZK process.

We will share the Cosmos ecosystem protocol from the perspective of core competitiveness.

The goal of Evmos is to connect EVM-based applications and assets to the interoperable Cosmos ecosystem, while aligning the incentives of developers and users, which drives the composability of innovative chains.

The era of single-layer blockchains that handle all consensus, data, and transaction execution work is coming to an end.

In the future multi-chain world, will the Monolithic architecture, aimed at composability, capture more market share, or will the modular chains, focused on scalability and customization, prevail?