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BTC $76,931.06 +0.31%
ETH $2,092.21 -1.22%
BNB $656.23 -0.07%
XRP $1.34 -0.95%
SOL $84.89 -0.97%
TRX $0.3640 +0.31%
DOGE $0.1018 -0.97%
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BCH $345.04 -2.67%
LINK $9.39 -1.64%
HYPE $61.51 +1.78%
AAVE $85.38 -0.94%
SUI $1.02 -3.98%
XLM $0.1472 -0.70%
ZEC $652.03 +2.66%

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BSC releases a report on quantum-resistant cryptography migration: transaction signatures have switched to ML-DSA-44, TPS testing has decreased by about 40%-50%

On May 14, BNB Chain released the "BSC Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Report," stating that it has completed the migration testing for quantum-resistant cryptography for transaction signatures and the consensus layer, using the NIST standardized post-quantum signature algorithm ML-DSA-44 (Dilithium) and the pqSTARK aggregation scheme.The report shows that BSC has replaced transaction signatures from ECDSA to ML-DSA-44 and switched consensus voting aggregation from BLS12-381 to pqSTARK to address the potential threats posed by future quantum computing to the existing elliptic curve cryptography system. However, post-quantum signatures also significantly increase the on-chain data volume: the size of a single transaction has increased from about 110 bytes to approximately 2.5KB; the block size in a 2000 TPS scenario has increased from about 130KB to around 2MB; and the TPS in the testing environment has decreased by about 40%-50%.BSC stated that the current network bottleneck mainly comes from the larger transaction data propagation, rather than the consensus protocol itself. Meanwhile, the consensus layer aggregation still maintains high efficiency, with pqSTARK achieving a signature compression ratio of about 43:1, and the additional burden on validators remains within a controllable range. The report concludes that existing technology can achieve "quantum-resistant" deployment for blockchain, but future issues related to network bandwidth and data scalability still need to be addressed.

first_img The Ethereum Foundation launches the Clear Signing open standard to promote the readability of transaction signatures

The Ethereum Foundation officially launched the Clear Signing open standard on Tuesday, aimed at replacing the unreadable hexadecimal strings displayed when wallet users sign transactions with human-readable transaction content.This standard is centered around ERC-7730. When a wallet supports this standard, it will read the descriptor file of the contract and reconstruct the raw transaction data into understandable content, such as displaying a Uniswap V3 swap as sending 1,000 USDC and receiving at least 0.42 WETH. ERC-8176 adds an integrity certification layer on top of this, allowing auditors to publish signature certification confirming the accuracy of the descriptors. Participants include hardware wallets (Ledger, Trezor), software wallets (MetaMask, WalletConnect), security companies (Cyfrin), and infrastructure (Fireblocks), among others.Blind signing has been a significant cause of losses in crypto assets. The $1.5 billion vulnerability at Bybit in February 2025 and the approximately $235 million WazirX incident both involved signers approving transactions that did not reflect the true intent. Ledger initiated this project in 2021, formalized it as ERC-7730 in 2024, and transferred governance to the foundation earlier this year to ensure the neutrality of the standard. The ERC-7730 V2, released in April 2026, has expanded its coverage to cross-chain use cases, software wallets, and confidential token primitives.

LayerZero has been reported to have used multi-signature wallets to trade Meme coins, and the default library contract upgrade mechanism poses risks

According to market news, LayerZero Labs co-founder and CEO Bryan Pellegrino had a heated debate with security researchers today in the ETHSecurity Community Telegram group. The core controversy includes: since LayerZero Labs can immediately upgrade a default library contract without a time limit to forge messages (similar to the case where rsETH was hacked), the LZ OFT, valued at over $3 billion, is recently at risk of being stolen; researcher Banteg pointed out that mainstream projects like Ethena and EtherFi were still using this default library contract weeks ago, and currently, there is still $178 million worth exposed to risk, with these funds coming from projects that are still using the default library.On-chain data shows that LayerZero Labs multi-signature signers participated in non-multi-signature activities such as meme coin trading, DEX exchanges, and cross-chain bridging, which means that the multi-signature keys in the formal environment were connected to websites, increasing phishing risks. Regarding the multi-signature signers of LayerZero using production environment keys for trading activities, Bryan confirmed that the related transactions were completed by members of the multi-signature team, but denied that it was "meme coin trading," explaining it as "testing PEPE on the LZ OFT token standard," and stated that the involved member has been removed. Bryan also suggested that project parties "directly fix configurations" instead of using default configurations to reduce risks. Banteg subsequently tagged a long list of LayerZero users still using the default library contract, pointing out that these projects should migrate to fixed configurations as soon as possible.
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