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base

Base is a secure, low-cost, developer-friendly Ethereum L2 designed to bring the next billion users into web3. Base is incubated within Coinbase and plans to gradually decentralize over the next few years.
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Vitalik: Blockchain has evolved from a simple ledger into a cryptography-based secure computing network

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, delivered a keynote speech at the 12th Global Blockchain Summit, stating that the blockchain was initially a primary tool. Although it has characteristics such as openness, neutrality, and security, it is not scalable and is completely transparent, lacking privacy protection mechanisms.Subsequently, privacy transactions and scalable verification brought by zero-knowledge proofs have changed this situation and have been transformed from planning into actual EIPs, included in the Ethereum roadmap. Technologies such as fully homomorphic encryption are also beginning to be applied, and indistinguishable obfuscation may also be applied on-chain in the future. Beyond privacy, the parallel construction and proof of blocks can make extreme scalability possible, and industry thinking has shifted from digital assets to digital assets plus information, from purely on-chain to user-end, transaction memory pools, a complete pipeline on-chain, and from who can send what to who can see what.Currently, blockchain has gradually evolved from a simple ledger to a cryptography-based secure computing network. With the development of AI, providing cryptographic rules to AI for automated formal verification can significantly enhance verification efficiency, allowing the chain to carry more possibilities.

first_img Coinbase plans post-quantum Bitcoin custody, compatible with various signature schemes

Coinbase Chief Cryptographer Yehuda Lindell stated on the MARA Foundation TV program that the exchange is designing a custody system capable of adapting to any post-quantum signature scheme that Bitcoin may adopt in the future. It is currently unclear which post-quantum signature scheme Bitcoin will use in practical applications. Lindell believes it is unlikely that a single signature scheme will be universally adopted, so preparations must be made for different outcomes across various blockchains.Coinbase is custodian for approximately $250 billion in assets for institutions such as BlackRock. Traditional Multi-Party Computation (MPC) relies on key sharding, but many post-quantum signature schemes may be "not friendly to MPC"; for example, hash-based signatures lack the arithmetic structure required for traditional cryptographic key splitting. Although cryptographers like Dan Boneh are researching relevant solutions, this research is still in a highly experimental phase, and it remains uncertain whether a viable MPC-like solution for hash signatures can be developed.To this end, Coinbase is exploring a backup architecture centered around programmable Hardware Security Modules (HSM), where private keys will be encrypted with post-quantum cryptography and assembled only within physically secure HSMs. Lindell stated that while the completion timeline is uncertain, once finished, "I will be able to say, I can support any scheme," without worrying about a blockchain adopting a signature scheme that it cannot support.

first_img Coinbase launches fixed-rate Bitcoin mortgage through Morpho Midnight

According to The Block, Coinbase announced the launch of fixed-rate Bitcoin collateralized loans through Morpho Midnight, allowing users to borrow USDC and determine the interest rate and repayment date at the time of borrowing. This new option is alongside Coinbase's existing floating-rate loans (based on Morpho Blue), which have outstanding loans exceeding $1.4 billion, corresponding to collateral of approximately $3 billion.Morpho launched Midnight on Base in July, introducing fixed rates and clear loan terms for on-chain lending. A Morpho spokesperson stated that Coinbase is the first mainstream consumer platform to offer Midnight loans on a large scale; since Midnight's launch, deposits have reached approximately $30 million. The outstanding loans for Morpho Blue across all integrations amount to $5.2 billion, with deposits reaching $16 billion.A Coinbase spokesperson did not disclose specific interest rates, stating that rates are determined by the supply and demand of both parties on the on-chain order book. Currently, Coinbase offers loans that mature at the end of the month or the end of the following month, and borrowers must repay before the due date; otherwise, lenders have the right to liquidate their collateral. Jacob Frantz, Coinbase's head of revenue and investment products, stated that Coinbase Borrow allows users to obtain liquidity without selling assets, and fixed-rate borrowing gives users greater choice in credit management. Morpho indicated that Midnight could also be used in the future to build structured credit products and loans collateralized by tokenized real-world assets, with more integrations in progress.
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