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BTC $79,697.99 +1.59%
ETH $2,360.69 +2.25%
BNB $628.71 +1.60%
XRP $1.41 +1.78%
SOL $84.74 +0.90%
TRX $0.3391 +0.04%
DOGE $0.1117 +3.39%
ADA $0.2515 +1.24%
BCH $444.98 +0.23%
LINK $9.46 +3.71%
HYPE $41.61 +1.13%
AAVE $93.03 +0.68%
SUI $0.9412 +2.70%
XLM $0.1601 +0.83%
ZEC $412.98 +6.10%

control

Paradigm partners release PACTs proposal, allowing holders from the Satoshi era to prove control without moving BTC

Concerns about quantum computing in Bitcoin always revolve around a "Satoshi-related problem." If a sufficiently powerful quantum computer emerges, millions of Bitcoins stored in old wallets with exposed public keys may face the risk of being stolen, including approximately 1.1 million Bitcoins that are allegedly owned by the anonymous creator Satoshi, currently valued at about $84 billion.Senior developer Jameson Lopp and five other developers formally proposed this plan through BIP-361 in mid-April, which aims to gradually phase out addresses vulnerable to quantum attacks over a five-year timeline and freeze any coins that fail to complete the migration. However, this proposal creates another issue: Satoshi and all other long-dormant holders would have to publicly "reveal themselves," or risk losing access to their assets.Dan Robinson, a general partner at Paradigm, released a proposal on Friday that suggests a way to circumvent this trade-off, with the core concept being "Provable Address Control Time Stamps" (PACTs). The main idea of PACTs is not to move coins, but to timestamp ownership proofs on specific dates, without disclosing any information externally until the wallet owner truly needs to spend.If Bitcoin later implements a soft fork to freeze coins vulnerable to quantum attacks, the protocol could include a rescue path that accepts STARK proofs (a type of zero-knowledge proof that remains secure against quantum computers), proving that the holder created their commitment before the existence of quantum hardware. When the holder wishes to spend, they submit this proof, and the network releases the corresponding coins. This redemption process will not reveal any information about the address, amount, or even the original timestamp creation time.

The State Duma of Russia has passed the digital currency bill on its first reading, granting the central bank control over market access and transaction regulation

The State Duma of Russia (the lower house of parliament) has passed the "Digital Currency and Digital Rights Bill" in the first reading, marking a key step towards the legalization of cryptocurrency assets in the country.According to the bill, the Bank of Russia will become the core regulatory body for the cryptocurrency market, responsible for issuing licenses, approving or prohibiting related transactions, and defining the legality of transactions. The bill proposes to classify cryptocurrencies as "property," but explicitly prohibits their use as a means of payment domestically, with the ruble remaining the only legal tender. However, in the context of Western sanctions, cryptocurrency assets can be used for cross-border trade settlements, including service payments, intellectual property transfers, and other scenarios.In addition, the bill allows Russian residents to legally invest in cryptocurrency assets through licensed institutions, but will implement a tiered investor system, setting testing and annual investment limits for ordinary investors (with a suggested cap of 300,000 rubles). Initially, only high-market-cap mainstream assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum will be allowed for trading, with a whitelist established by the central bank. The bill is expected to be formally passed and come into effect by July 2026 at the latest. However, some lawmakers and banking industry figures have criticized the overly strict regulations, which may affect market activity and even lead to funds remaining in the gray market. At the same time, accompanying legislation is also proposed to introduce criminal penalties, with a maximum sentence of 7 years in prison for illegal cryptocurrency trading.
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