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BTC $68,069.91 +3.34%
ETH $2,049.76 +6.40%
BNB $629.91 +2.83%
XRP $1.42 -4.56%
SOL $81.67 -4.53%
TRX $0.2795 -0.47%
DOGE $0.0974 -3.83%
ADA $0.2735 -4.22%
BCH $464.73 +0.49%
LINK $8.64 -2.97%
HYPE $28.98 -1.81%
AAVE $122.61 -3.42%
SUI $0.9138 -6.63%
XLM $0.1605 -4.62%
ZEC $260.31 -8.86%

on-chain

GoPlus: Polymarket Hacked, Flaws in Off-Chain and On-Chain Transaction Result Synchronization Mechanism

According to disclosures from the GoPlus Chinese community, the prediction market platform Polymarket was hacked due to a design flaw in the synchronization mechanism between off-chain and on-chain trading results in its order system.The attacker manipulated the nonce, causing on-chain matched trades to be canceled or invalidated before execution, while off-chain records remained valid, leading to API false reports that affected trading behaviors of bots like Negrisk, resulting in user losses. The analysis of the attack process is as follows:The attacker submitted/matched large reverse trades with the market-making bot on the Polymarket off-chain orderbook.The attacker constructed transactions with forged/repeated nonces or utilized on-chain nonce competition, causing the on-chain transactions to inevitably revert.The Polymarket API returned "transaction successful" to the bot before on-chain confirmation, leading the bot to believe that the position had been hedged, while the actual on-chain state had not changed.The attacker then executed real on-chain trades to take advantage of the direction exposed by the bot, thus profiting "risk-free."Since the revert occurred at the chain level, Polymarket fees would not explode, making the attack cost controllable and executable continuously.GoPlus recommends that users pause automated trading tools, verify on-chain trading statuses, enhance wallet security, and closely monitor official announcements from Polymarket.

Vitalik: FOCIL and EIP-8141 can work together to achieve censorship-resistant fast on-chain

Vitalik Buterin posted on the X platform, stating that there is an important synergy between the FOCIL mechanism and the account abstraction proposal Ethereum's EIP-8141 (based on 7701). EIP-8141 elevates smart accounts (including multi-signature, quantum-resistant signatures, key changes, Gas sponsorship, etc.) to "first-class citizens," meaning that operations from these accounts can be directly packaged as on-chain transactions without additional encapsulation.At the same time, privacy protocols can achieve a multi-tenant account model through the paymaster or 2D nonce mechanism, thereby gaining the same level of native support. FOCIL provides a censorship-resistant fast transaction inclusion mechanism. With the combination of both, various transactions, including smart wallet transactions, Gas sponsorship transactions, and privacy protocol transactions, can be included in blocks by one of the 17 roles (proposers or inclusions) randomly selected for each time slot.Vitalik stated that this design can ensure that transactions are almost guaranteed to be completed on-chain within 1-2 time slots in adversarial environments. In the current version, each FOCIL volume is approximately 8kB, which is relatively small, but there is a path for future expansion that could support most transactions in a block entering through the FOCIL channel. This architecture is similar in characteristics to the multi-parallel proposer (MCP) design, but differs in that FOCIL does not control the "last look" related to MEV, which is still allocated through the ePBS auction mechanism.Vitalik emphasized that even if 100% of block time slots are monopolized by adversarial parties through the proposer-builder separation (PBS) mechanism, refusing to connect to the public mempool or discriminating against specific applications, FOCIL can still ensure that all transactions receive fast inclusion. Although this design does not eliminate the centralization risk of the proposer role, it significantly weakens its power. Under the EIP-8141 framework, transactions from smart wallets or privacy protocols can be directly received by FOCIL inclusions through the public mempool without additional intermediaries or encapsulation processes.Vitalik concluded that Ethereum is accelerating the advancement of core architecture upgrades.

Anchorage Digital launches stablecoin solution, providing on-chain USD settlement channels for international banks

According to FinanceFeeds, crypto bank Anchorage Digital has announced the launch of "Stablecoin Solutions" aimed at international banks, designed to provide non-U.S. financial institutions with a U.S.-regulated digital dollar infrastructure as an alternative to traditional correspondent banking systems.The solution integrates stablecoin issuance, compliant custody, fiat fund management, and blockchain-native settlement functions, allowing banks to achieve cross-border circulation of dollar assets without relying on traditional correspondent banking networks.Anchorage stated that institutions can hold and settle tokenized dollar assets under its federal banking license framework. Anchorage is the first crypto-native institution to obtain a U.S. federal banking license, regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).Company CEO Nathan McCauley stated that stablecoins are gradually becoming core financial infrastructure, and this solution provides banks with a pathway to achieve global dollar flows through blockchain rails while ensuring custody, compliance, and operational control. Anchorage's move is seen as an attempt to replace the traditional correspondent banking cross-border clearing system with a regulated stablecoin framework.If adopted by international banks, dollar stablecoins may further embed themselves into mainstream cross-border payment and fund management processes. However, the ultimate implementation still depends on the clarity of regulatory details and the global banking sector's acceptance of tokenized liability structures.

Analysts: Both technical indicators and on-chain data point to short-term downside risks for Bitcoin

According to Cointelegraph, analyst Yashu Gola stated that the current technical indicators and on-chain data both point to short-term downside risks for Bitcoin.A typical "bear flag" pattern is forming on the Bitcoin daily chart. This structure began with a "flagpole" that dropped sharply to the $60,000 area, followed by price consolidation within a converging trend line, consistently pressured by key moving averages, with weak momentum.If the price clearly breaks below the lower boundary of the flag, it could further test the $56,000 level within two months, representing a decline of about 20% from the current level. Conversely, if it breaks above the upper boundary around $72,700 (coinciding with the 20-day moving average), it could invalidate this bearish structure.On-chain data platform CryptoQuant shows that the Bitcoin "whale inflow ratio" (7-day average) has surged to a historic high of 0.619, well above the 0.40 at the beginning of the month. This indicator tracks the total inflow of the top ten transactions, and its rise is typically interpreted as increased selling pressure from whales.Meanwhile, the Greed and Fear Index is signaling a potential "bottoming signal": the 21-day moving average has crossed below the zero line and is now turning upwards. Historically, this combination often appears alongside a "sustained bottom," and while a brief downturn cannot be ruled out, the possibility of a rebound is accumulating.
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