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first_img Anthropic: Claude has completed large-scale formal verification of the open-source library

On October 22, the Frontier Red Team of the artificial intelligence company Anthropic released research stating that large language models can automatically write formal proofs on a larger scale. The team collaborated with Theorem to use Claude to prove safety properties on over 100 real open-source libraries at the RISC-V assembly level, claiming this is the first known instance of using AI for large-scale formal verification of production software at the assembly level. During the proof-writing process, vulnerabilities that had gone undetected for years were also discovered.The experiment converted existing compilable fuzz tests from Google OSS-Fuzz into specifications: under assumptions of single-threaded static binaries, fixed memory budgets, RISC-V CPUs, and Linux, for any input less than 64 MB, the program should exit normally without triggering memory safety errors or assertion failures. Within weeks, Claude proved the aforementioned properties for 239 entry points in 123 OSS-Fuzz libraries after patching the identified issues. The proofs targeted compiled RISC-V instructions, approximately 180 million lines of Rocq, and were checked by the Rocq kernel. The page states that this does not mean these libraries are free of vulnerabilities, as remaining issues may lie outside trusted components or the scope of the proofs.The page also mentions that the team had Claude formalize RFC 1950 and proved that the zlib implementation in the Linux kernel conforms to that specification at the x86 binary level; an interpreter written in Rust covering a large subset of Python showed a 99.95% consistency with CPython behavior across over 1.7 million randomly generated programs. In 36 small verification tasks, Opus 5.5 proved that about half required approximately 40% fewer tokens than Opus 5. The team also pointed out that the proofs targeted single-threaded, statically linked RISC-V binaries, and the proof checker cannot determine whether the specifications align with reality.

Bithumb administrative lawsuit held for the first time: claims that transfers of less than 1 million Korean won have regulatory gaps

According to South Korean media Digital Asset, the Second Division of the Seoul Administrative Court held its first hearing on October 22 regarding the administrative lawsuit between Bithumb and the Financial Intelligence Unit of Korea (FIU). The FIU determined that between August 28, 2022, and April 3, 2025, Bithumb conducted 45,772 transactions with 18 unreported cryptocurrency operators, and based on this, imposed sanctions, including a partial suspension that restricts new customers from transferring cryptocurrency assets externally for six months.Bithumb stated in court that transactions of 1 million won or more are subject to the "travel rule," and unreported operators have been excluded from the list of optional exchanges, thus the number of violations for this amount range is zero. Transactions below 1 million won were not subject to the travel rule at that time, and the platform had no legal basis to require customers to provide information about the receiving exchange, nor did the regulatory authorities specify a blocking method. Bithumb also mentioned that after integrating the Chainalysis API, only about 2% of the addresses that could not be confirmed were later identified as unreported operators designated by the FIU. If all were blocked, the remaining 98% of normal transactions would be affected, and the platform could also face user claims.Bithumb also believes that the six-month sanction is excessive, effectively equivalent to prohibiting the platform from acquiring new customers. The company also questioned the FIU's criteria for identifying overseas operators and the reasonableness of the basis for the sanctions.

first_img Toto Finance plans to apply for 22 million ADA from the Cardano treasury to purchase tokenized copper

Toto Finance, a company that converts physical goods into blockchain tokens, has submitted a governance proposal to the Cardano community, seeking to withdraw 22 million ADA (approximately 5 million USD) from the Cardano treasury to establish a "Cardano Strategic Copper Reserve." Voting will close on November 15. The proposal plans to purchase and tokenize copper that meets COMEX standards, with the token CuTT representing each pound of verified physical copper.According to the proposal, about two-thirds of the budget will be used to purchase exchange-grade copper from COMEX-certified warehouses near New Orleans, while the remaining one-third will cover storage, insurance, auditing, oversight, and Toto's operational costs. If the full budget is spent and the ADA to USD price remains unchanged, copper prices would need to rise by approximately 49.4% to recover the treasury investment. The proposal assumes a purchase price of $6.73 per pound and a selling price of approximately $10.06, with plans to hold for 18 to 24 months and sell in the following year, with net profits and unused funds required to be returned to the treasury before the 36th month.Monty Metzger, founder and chairman of Toto, stated that copper has significant upside potential, with an optimistic scenario predicting an annualized increase of about 30%, approximately 69% over 24 months, which could cover the 49.4% breakeven point, but commodity prices could also decline. Toto retains its commercial rights to the CuTT business for separate financing and hopes to scale the tokenized copper asset to $5 billion. The withdrawal limit of 500 million ADA from Cardano will last until around July 2027, and as of October 16, 457.4 million ADA has been used, with this proposal consuming more than half of the remaining quota.

first_img Ethereum Hoodi testnet Glamsterdam hard fork postponed

On October 22, the smart contract security company ChainSecurity announced that the Glamsterdam hard fork on the Ethereum Hoodi testnet has been postponed. Researchers stated that security impacts have been found in existing contracts and identified 13 real cases, and they are currently conducting responsible disclosure with the affected projects. The announcement requests teams to review the contracts, and the Ethereum Foundation is assessing the scope of the impact; the announcement did not name the projects, provide contract addresses, or give an alternative fork date.The related issues involve contracts that continue execution after capturing failed external calls. Under the reviewed gas changes, the failure handler may complete execution, whereas it would previously roll back due to gas exhaustion. The caller can deliberately provide insufficient gas to complete the target operation, but enough to allow the outer contract to record a permanent failure, causing operations that could have been retried to lose their recovery path.The technical disclosure reviews EIP-8037 and EIP-8038 from the version specification dated October 13, where the gas examples described are for proposed execution behavior. The state-gas reservoir will be fully passed with the call, and forwarding restrictions apply to execution gas, with gasleft() only reporting the execution balance. According to the reviewed rules, clearing storage slots that start at zero at the beginning of a transaction can replenish up to 97,920 execution gas; intermediary contracts may also credit back the accounted state-creation fees upon REVERT and return them to the caller.
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