Coinbase 與紐約監管機構達成 1 億美元和解協議
From concept to application, this technology not only brings disruptive experiences such as NFTs and the metaverse to users but also empowers traditional industries like finance, social networking, and sports, greatly expanding the boundaries of its development. Despite the global economy struggling under macro headwinds this year, and the crypto market entering a winter phase, the growth trend in the crypto space is expected to continue, thanks to the increasing adoption of blockchain and related technologies in applications like digital identity, payments, and transactions.As the most important underlying infrastructure in the crypto space, how to proactively build a public chain platform will provide opportunities to create a more complete and rich Web3 ecosystem in the future. Looking back at public chain projects during the last bull-bear cycle in the crypto industry, it is not difficult to find that public chain projects like Solana, Cosmos, and Avalanche, which exploded by dozens or even hundreds of times, were born and accumulated during the bear market and seized opportunities to stand out during the bull market, subsequently expanding rapidly. These public chains had a market capitalization exceeding $300 billion at the peak of the bull market.Before introducing new public chains, let’s first review the existing public chain development landscape. In 2022, Ethereum "led the pack," and around the scalability issues of Ethereum, EVM-compatible public chains emerged. Currently, EVM-compatible public chains have formed a large crypto ecosystem island, playing a crucial role in the entire public chain ecosystem. Non-EVM public chains like DFINITY, Polkadot, and Flow have also innovated from multiple angles, each shining in their own right. Interested developers can learn more about the public chain development landscape in the article "Interpreting the Public Chain Development Landscape, 'Hundred Chains Contend' May Be the Trend."Understanding opportunities allows for better seizing of them. Which new public chain projects should we focus on during this bear market? What development opportunities can we grasp? This article will systematically review about 60 new public chain projects from L0, L1, and L2 this year. Due to the large number of projects, this article will be divided into two parts, and it is recommended to bookmark it for later reading. For those who want a concise version, you can scroll to the end for a summary. The first part will focus on Layer 0 and Layer 1 public chains.2022 New Public Chain HighlightsHere are a few points you need to know about new public chains in 2022:The rise of Move-based newcomersSpecialized chains for gaming, metaverse, DeFi, privacy, etc.The emergence of modular blockchainsBreaking "isolated chains," cross-chain interoperabilityDAO chains returning ownership to community usersFourth-generation public chains may break the "blockchain trilemma"Environmental sustainability prioritized, green blockchains favored by global communities60 New Public Chains in 2022 (Part 1)From the logical architecture of blockchain, public chains can be divided into three layers: Layer 0, Layer 1, and Layer 2. Specifically:Layer 0 corresponds to the "transport layer." This is where the internet connects with hardware, allowing blockchains to interact with each other. For example, Polkadot and Cosmos have created cross-chain interoperable ecosystems at this layer. Additionally, being at the foundational level means that as long as they are built using the same Layer 0, developers do not need to start from scratch repeatedly, and many functions can be readily utilized.Layer 1 corresponds to the "data layer, network layer, consensus layer, and incentive layer." This is where data processing, transactions, and dispute resolution occur on the blockchain. Ethereum is the most famous Layer 1 public chain, but it faces the significant challenge of overcoming the "trilemma" of decentralization, security, and scalability. Although Ethereum has attempted to address this issue through the Merge, as of now, it seems that no Layer 1 public chain has effectively solved this problem.Layer 2 corresponds to the "application layer and contract layer." This is a third-party integration used in conjunction with Layer 1, primarily aimed at improving the scalability and throughput of the blockchain. Current Layer 2 technical solutions include State Channels, Rollups, and Plasma. Among these, the Rollups solution has gained favor in the Ethereum community, and it is further divided into two types: Zero-knowledge Rollups and Optimistic Rollups.Moreover, Layer 3 is the client application layer. Considering that the scalability and throughput of Layer 2 still do not meet developmental needs, there has been a shift to customizing Layer 3 for inter-layer and intra-layer operations. This has moved beyond the realm of blockchain logic technology, and Layer 3 chains are still in the conceptual stage, so they are not included in this classification. The following will introduce the new public chains of the year in L0 and L1, while L2 will be introduced in the next issue.Layer 0As the reality of multi-chain coexistence in Web3 becomes clearer, issues of cross-chain transfer of information and assets inevitably arise, making Layer 0 a pathway to breaking the "isolated chain" problem.LayerZero Cross-Chain LightweightLayerZero introduces Ultra Light Nodes (ULN), a full-chain interoperability protocol designed for the lightweight transmission of messages across chains. LayerZero provides real and guaranteed message delivery through configurable trustlessness, relying on two parties at the on-chain endpoints: ORACLE and RELAYER to transmit messages. LayerZero supports cross-chain state sharing, bridging, lending, swapping, governance, and more. Funding: Over $135 million.Website: https://layerzero.network/ChainCatcher 消息，据《紐約時報》報導，加密貨幣交易交易平台 Coinbase 宣布與紐約州金融服務部達成的和解協議，同意支付 5000 萬美元罰款，並承諾將投資 5000 萬美元以加強其合規計劃，該計劃旨在防止潛在違法者在紐約州開設帳戶。Wormhole Cross-Chain Interconnectivity此前消息，紐約州金融服務部調查發現 Coinbase 允許客戶在未進行充分背景調查的情況下開戶，該部門聲稱此舉違反了反洗錢法。（Wormhole leverages the power of universal message passing and a single SDK to create an interoperability protocol that enriches xChain more than ever before, further exploring how to expand the user base through xChain. The protocol has a total transaction volume exceeding $35 billion and has successfully transmitted millions of messages. Currently, thousands of messages are submitted daily. This month, Wormhole attempted to connect to the Cosmos ecosystem for the first time, achieving cross-chain collaboration.來源鏈接Website: http://wormholenetwork.com/）
