ChainCatcher message, Vitalik releases the future development of the Ethereum protocol (Part Four: The Verge).Key objectives are as follows:Stateless clients: fully verified clients and staking nodes that require no more than a few GB of storage;(Long-term) fully validating the chain (consensus and execution) on smartwatches, downloading some data, and verifying SNARK.

According to ChainCatcher news, AltLayer has launched a stateless Rollup client design proposal. This design builds a stateless client using an alternative DA layer instead of Ethereum's Rollup. The stateless client needs to ensure that Rollup blocks have been published on the underlying DA layer. Once the availability of the block is confirmed, the stateless client must ensure that the state generated by the execution of transactions in that block has also been committed in the Rollup contract.

ChainCatcher news, the official NEAR Chinese account stated that in 2024, the team will launch the second phase of sharding, introducing stateless validation and expanding the original Nightshade design to avoid fraud proofs. The state of each shard will be completely moved to memory, thereby increasing the performance of each shard (currently 4, soon to be 5) by over 10 times.The next step will be to add zkWASM on the existing foundation, which will compress execution proofs, enabling greater decentralization for validators. In addition, the NEAR ecosystem will make greater strides in the field of artificial intelligence.

ChainCatcher news, according to Foresight News, at the Korea Blockchain Week KBW2023, Vitalik Buterin delivered a keynote speech stating that clients have to store more and more data. The first solution is to stop storing historical data, namely adopting EIP-4444 (binding historical data in the execution client). The second solution is to transfer the responsibility of state storage to dedicated nodes. The third solution is to move old objects out of the state. EIP-4444 refers to the requirement that clients must stop providing historical headers, bodies, and receipts older than one year at the p2p layer, allowing clients to prune this historical data locally.Vitalik Buterin summarized that if we have statelessness and PBS, state expiration can be considered low priority, even with an 8 TB state. Ultimately, we do need to address the 20-byte address issue, whether for state expiration or long-term security considerations.

ChainCatcher news, Aave's strategic leader Marc Zeller published an article discussing the four stages of decentralization: Autocracy, Oligarchy, Liquid Representative Democracies, and Stateless Stage.Specifically, in the Autocracy stage, the development team has almost complete control over the project. The autocratic phase allows the team to quickly develop and iterate, enabling them to build a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and strive for Product-Market Fit (PMF).The Oligarchy stage typically occurs after funding rounds, where token holders begin to gain more power in governance, while the influence of early investors may become challenging.The Liquid Representative Democracies stage can only be achieved when the token supply is distributed enough to dilute the influence of the oligarchs from the second stage. Token distribution usually occurs through early investor exits, airdrops, liquidity mining, and staking rewards, or by oligarchs delegating their voting rights to increasingly independent representatives with greater decision-making freedom. Marc Zeller believes that no project has yet reached a mature DAO stage, with MakerDAO and Aave on the verge of transitioning from the second stage to the third stage.The Stateless Stage is similar to a stateless society. Currently, LUSD, Ethereum, and Bitcoin are the only significant participants in the fourth stage, according to Marc Zeller. (Source link)