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Joseph Lubin: Ethereum will not have a "second foundation," nor will it become a completely zero-knowledge proof-based protocol in the next 3-5 years

According to The Block, Consensys CEO Joseph Lubin stated that Ethereum is expected to evolve into a protocol fully based on zero-knowledge proofs (ZK Proof) within the next 3 to 5 years, which will not only optimize the main chain but also enhance Ethereum's compatibility with Layer 2.Joseph Lubin mentioned that he supports the "Rollup-centric roadmap," believing that by strengthening Layer 1, introducing the "Lean Ethereum" initiative, and promoting ZK proofs, the foundational layer of Ethereum can be significantly upgraded. Lean Ethereum aims to achieve over 10,000 transactions per second while maintaining a high level of decentralization on the mainnet, and supports privacy and quantum-resistant solutions.Regarding Layer 2, Joseph Lubin pointed out that ZK technology has already achieved real-time proofs in some L2 networks and plans to extend this capability to Layer 1, ultimately transitioning to a fully ZK foundational protocol supported by multiple provers. For example, projects like the Linea chain developed by Consensys and Gnosis are utilizing zero-knowledge proofs to achieve cross-network synchronized transactions, potentially eliminating the need for bridging and unifying fragmented liquidity.Joseph Lubin emphasized that the initial "differentiation phase" of the Rollup roadmap aims to provide experimental space for Layer 2 technologies. Although it may temporarily disperse liquidity, it lays the groundwork for Ethereum's future limitless scalability and technological iteration. He believes that some L2 technologies will become systemically important components, and this exploratory process is necessary.Additionally, Joseph Lubin responded to rumors regarding recent personnel changes at the Ethereum Foundation (EF) and the "second foundation," stating that there will not be a second foundation. The EF will continue to focus on core protocol development, usability and scalability, as well as institutional collaboration, while supporting at least three independent teams to spin off from the EF, focusing on protocol, user experience, and institutional expansion efforts.

Ripple launches XRPL proxy payment toolkit, laying out AI automated payment infrastructure

According to The Block, Ripple announced a toolkit for developers to build "proxy payment" applications on the XRP Ledger (XRPL), supporting AI agents to execute automated financial transactions.Ripple stated that AI agents are no longer a concept of the future but are actively participating in paying computational costs, settling invoices, and completing transactions without human intervention. As the application of AI agents expands, the market is accelerating the construction of payment infrastructure for machines, including wallets and stablecoin payment channels, enabling AI to autonomously complete service payments and asset transactions.This week, Robinhood also launched related plans, allowing users to try stock trading executed by AI agents, with plans to expand into the cryptocurrency space in the future; MetaMask also released a non-custodial wallet solution for AI agents.Ripple pointed out that traditional payment systems mainly serve human-initiated and approval processes, while AI agents require infrastructure that enables fast settlement, predictable outcomes, and no human approval. It emphasized that its new toolkit also supports payment capabilities based on the x402 protocol, allowing settlements using XRP and Ripple USD (RLUSD).Meanwhile, the IC3 team, composed of researchers from several universities, stated that although AI combined with blockchain can achieve automated trading, AI agents still heavily rely on humans and underlying infrastructure, lacking complete independence.
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