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Flash

first_img TRM Report: The trading volume of the x402 protocol comes mostly from AI agents

A report released by the blockchain intelligence company TRM Labs shows that most of the transaction volume on the x402 payment protocol launched by Coinbase does not come from AI agents. The report analyzed 198.9 million settlements processed by known x402 facilitators on Base, Solana, and Polygon since May 2025, involving an amount of approximately $52.7 million.After excluding self-payments and other anomalous fund flows, about $25.62 million was identified as potential commercial transactions, of which only 0.6% to 7.5% by amount came from AI agents. TRM pointed out that ordinary scripts, scheduled tasks, and self-trading can also generate the same on-chain records, so the total transaction volume of the protocol is insufficient to measure agent commerce; their model identifies addresses that repeatedly pay for the same service as scripts, which may underestimate the actual scale of single-use agents. During the reporting period, USDC accounted for 99.6% of the settlement value, approximately $52.47 million.Meanwhile, Binance's Agent OS launched in August has integrated the x402 payment layer, Coinbase's Base supports agents and payment startups through a $1 million accelerator, and Amazon also launched AgentCore Payments in May in collaboration with Coinbase and Stripe. TRM recommends improving the on-chain agent registration mechanism, establishing a verifiable counterparty reputation system for agents, and building a monitoring framework suitable for small, high-frequency payments, stating that "agent commerce requires agent compliance."

Vy Capital disclosed that it holds $40 billion in SpaceX shares, becoming the fifth largest shareholder

According to the Financial Times, the low-profile venture capital firm Vy Capital currently holds approximately $40 billion worth of SpaceX shares, with a stake of about 3.4%. According to Bloomberg data, the firm has become the fifth-largest shareholder of SpaceX, disclosing a holding size larger than that of Silicon Valley venture capital firms such as Sequoia Capital and Andreessen Horowitz. Vy Capital first invested in SpaceX in 2016 when the company's valuation was around $15 billion; after SpaceX went public this year with a valuation of about $1.75 trillion, the value of its holdings has significantly increased.Vy Capital is also the largest external investor in Elon Musk's tunnel company The Boring Company and brain-computer interface company Neuralink, and had committed $700 million for Musk's acquisition of Twitter in 2022. The firm's head, John Hering, has a close relationship with Musk, having invested over $100 million in SpaceX shortly after the Falcon 9 rocket launch failure in 2016; since 2019, he has also been involved in the early business development of Starlink, including hiring personnel and building financial models, and has held a SpaceX employee badge. Currently, Hering serves as a director of The Boring Company, and Vy Capital also participated in the company's recent $3 billion financing round.Vy Capital's assets under management have increased from $27 billion at the end of last year to $50 billion in June of this year. In a letter to investors, the firm stated that since its establishment in 2014, it has achieved a total internal rate of return of 41% and has distributed $4.6 billion to investors. Vy Capital expects that if investment judgments materialize, SpaceX's valuation will exceed $10 trillion in the next 5 to 7 years. The firm currently has only a few dozen employees, with a core investment team of four, and has stopped accepting external investors since last year.
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