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GOOGL $343.89 +0.27%
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near

NEAR Protocol is a blockchain-based decentralized application platform designed to provide high performance and scalability. It employs a sharding technology called "Nightshade" to enhance the network's throughput and efficiency through dynamic sharding. NEAR's consensus mechanism is based on Proof of Stake (PoS) and supports developer-friendly tools and smart contracts. Its ecosystem is positioned to support the development and deployment of decentralized finance (DeFi), NFTs, and other Web3 applications. The NEAR token (NEAR) is used for paying transaction fees, staking, and participating in governance.
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first_img Samsung's foundry 4-nanometer capacity is nearing full load, expanding 5-nanometer operations

According to a report by North Korea Biz on October 20, Samsung Electronics' foundry division has seen its 4-nanometer process capacity nearing full load due to an increase in customer orders, while the company is also expanding efforts to attract new customers for its 5-nanometer process. The report states that contracts for the most advanced 2-nanometer process with major global tech companies are still delayed, prompting Samsung to increase the utilization rates of its relatively stable 4-nanometer and 5-nanometer processes to improve profitability.The 4-nanometer process is used for smartphone application processors, artificial intelligence semiconductors, and high-performance computing chips. The report indicates that not all chips in the expanding artificial intelligence semiconductor market require the most advanced processes; the manufacturing costs of 4-nanometer and 5-nanometer processes are relatively low while still achieving high performance, making them suitable for certain artificial intelligence inference chips and application-specific integrated circuits.Regarding the 2-nanometer process, Samsung is in discussions with major global tech companies about production contracts, but some negotiations are taking longer than originally expected. In addition to yield rates, the most advanced processes also require comprehensive verification of energy efficiency, design assets, and stable mass production capabilities, which means a longer time frame from contract signing to mass production. Samsung views the 2-nanometer process as the core growth driver for its next-generation foundry business and plans to continue using the fully surrounded gate transistor structure first introduced in the 3-nanometer process to improve energy efficiency and performance.

The US SOL spot ETF had a net outflow of 6.7215 million USD in a single day, with ZEC experiencing a net outflow and NEAR a net inflow

According to SoSoValue data, yesterday (Eastern Time October 19), the total net outflow of the SOL spot ETF was $6.7215 million.The SOL spot ETF with the highest net outflow yesterday was the Bitwise Solana Staking ETF (BSOL), which had a net outflow of $4.8816 million, and its historical total net inflow has reached $1.175 billion. The second was the Fidelity Solana Fund ETF (FSOL), with a net outflow of $1.8399 million, and its historical total net inflow has reached $230 million. As of the time of writing, the total net asset value of the SOL spot ETF was $1.625 billion, with a net asset ratio of 0.00%, and the historical cumulative net inflow has reached $1.551 billion.On the same day, the total net outflow of the ZEC spot ETF in the United States was $10.4472 million, while the NEAR spot ETF had a total net inflow of $5.4184 million. For ZEC, only the Zcash ETF (ZCSH) recorded a net outflow of $10.4472 million, with a historical cumulative net inflow of $15.2 million. As of the time of writing, the total net asset value of the ZEC spot ETF was $602 million, with a net asset ratio of 3.15%.For NEAR, only the Bitwise NEAR ETF (NRR) recorded a net inflow of $5.4184 million, and the historical cumulative net inflow of this fund was $88.4653 million. As of the time of writing, the total net asset value of the NEAR spot ETF was $86.9531 million, with a net asset ratio of 1.35%, and the historical cumulative net inflow was $88.4653 million.

first_img The Zcash development team plans to allocate independent keys for each ZEC exchange to prevent quantum cracking

The Zakura team, which operates the Zcash network, released a technical article stating that they plan to allocate a unique viewing key for each ZEC exchange completed through NEAR Intents, in order to block future quantum computers from exploiting public refund addresses to piece together user payment histories. NEAR Intents supports cross-chain token exchanges, and when users exchange the privacy coin ZEC for USDC, the service will publish a Zcash address for the user on the NEAR public blockchain, which will be used to return any unused ZEC.The Zcash address contains a public key generated by the wallet's viewing key, which cannot be reverse-engineered by ordinary computers, but large quantum computers running Shor's algorithm could theoretically deduce the key from the address. Zcash wallets can generate multiple seemingly unrelated addresses, but they typically share the same viewing key. Once an attacker cracks it, they can associate all payments received by the account and read the amounts and notes. Zakura's solution allocates a unique viewing key for each exchange, while the spending key remains in the user's main account. Even if the future refund address is compromised, the attacker would only be able to see payments related to that specific exchange.This design also addresses a practical issue: wallets conducting hundreds of exchanges would generate hundreds of keys, requiring each key to scan the entire Zcash chain during backup recovery. Zakura's solution is a privately queryable database that uses private information retrieval technology, so when the wallet inquires about the refund destination, the database will not know the address being queried. Zakura claims that wallets built on its open-source library (including Vizor) will be able to add this feature in the coming weeks, and hardware wallets will follow after firmware support, ahead of the January quantum-resistant payment target set by Zcash developers this month.

first_img Anthropic co-founder: AI is expected to boost the US GDP by nearly 50%

Jack Clark, co-founder and head of public interest at the artificial intelligence company Anthropic, stated on Saturday at the International Monetary Fund and World Bank annual meeting in Bangkok that the rapid enhancement of AI capabilities will bring about more rapid transformations. The company's internal models predict that under certain conditions, by 2030, AI is expected to boost the U.S. economic output by nearly 50%. He emphasized the need for international cooperation to establish "extraordinary and stringent rules" for this technology, noting that the window for policymakers to take action is narrowing.Clark mentioned that the potential size of the U.S. GDP is expected to reach $44 trillion, currently just above $30 trillion, with this forecast based on the assumption of continued technological advancement. He warned policymakers that increasing evidence points to a "technological singularity," where the pace of AI development will exceed human control, and advancements in not only AI but the entire scientific field will accelerate in the coming years. He stated that despite recent incidents of uncontrolled AI systems escaping testing environments and breaching websites and databases, AI is still under human control, but the window for building safety measures is closing, with only a few years remaining.As Clark made these remarks, Anthropic is preparing for an IPO, expected to go public in November. Recent reports indicate that its IPO valuation expectations have been lowered to the $1.5 trillion range, down from the previous market expectation of about $2 trillion. He also mentioned that AI could serve as a force multiplier for scientific discovery, and more countries could participate in AI development by building data center computing infrastructure; AI is causing job losses in areas like call centers and customer service, while promoting employment in fields such as scientific research.

"Bitcoin Jesus" Roger Ver renounced his U.S. citizenship to avoid taxes, and ten years later was pursued for nearly 50 million dollars in expatriation taxes

According to Reuters, earlier this month, the U.S. Department of Justice announced a deferred prosecution agreement with "Bitcoin Jesus" Roger Ver, under which his fraud and tax evasion charges will be dismissed in exchange for a payment of up to $49.9 million in fines.Roger Ver, one of the earliest Bitcoin evangelists, bought a large amount of Bitcoin in 2011 for less than $3 million. In February 2014, to avoid high tax burdens, he acquired citizenship in the Caribbean nation of Saint Kitts and Nevis and renounced his U.S. citizenship the following month. At that time, he and his companies held at least 131,000 Bitcoins, valued at over $70 million based on the price at that time. He believed that by changing his nationality, he could put an end to the high tax burden in the U.S.However, the U.S.'s stringent "exit tax" completely thwarted his plans. According to U.S. tax law, eligible expatriates must treat their global assets as if they were "sold the day before expatriation" and pay capital gains tax. Although Ver reported and paid $1.03 million in taxes, he not only failed to report his personal holdings of Bitcoin but also severely undervalued his company's assets. Ten years later, the IRS confirmed his fraudulent tax evasion (which is not subject to the statute of limitations), ultimately forcing him to pay back up to $49.9 million in taxes, fines, and interest, which is 48 times the amount he reported paying in taxes that year.

Vitalik compared the mining costs of BTC and the inference costs of AI: the former has electricity costs accounting for nearly half, while the latter relies more on capital expenditures for computing power

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin shared that the cost of Bitcoin mining is roughly half derived from capital expenditures on computing power equipment and the other half from electricity consumption; in contrast, the cost of AI inference is almost entirely dominated by capital expenditures on computing power. This difference reflects the distinct cost structures of the two computing businesses. Bitcoin miners need to continuously pay for electricity and determine their profit margins based on mining machine efficiency, coin prices, and network difficulty changes; AI inference, on the other hand, relies more on investments in expensive hardware like GPUs, as well as equipment utilization and computing efficiency.The industrial boundaries of both are also changing. As the demand for AI computing power grows, some Bitcoin mining companies are beginning to shift their existing electricity resources and data center facilities towards AI and high-performance computing businesses, hoping to transition from pure mining to computing infrastructure services. Some mining companies are leveraging previously allocated electricity capacity for mining to enter the AI data center market. However, transformation does not mean that cost pressures disappear: mining operations are more directly exposed to fluctuations in electricity prices and Bitcoin prices, while AI computing businesses must bear risks related to GPU procurement, depreciation, and underutilization. Both types of businesses compete for electricity and computing resources, but ultimately, profitability depends on how these resources are converted into revenue.
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