2025 Bitcoin Mining Trends: Hashrate Hits New High After Halving, Energy Arbitrage Drives Mining Company Migration
ChainCatcher news, according to Cointelegraph, Bitcoin enters its fifth era after the 2024 block reward halving, with the single block reward decreasing from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC. Mining companies are responding to profit pressures through hardware upgrades, energy optimization, and regional migration. By May 1, 2025, the total network hash rate is expected to reach 831 EH/s, a 77% increase from the 2024 low of 519 EH/s, with a peak rising to 921 EH/s.The iteration of mining machines accelerates the energy efficiency competition, with Bitmain's Antminer S21+ achieving a hash rate of 216 TH/s and an energy consumption ratio of 16.5 J/TH, while MicroBT's immersion mining machine WhatsMiner M66S+ reduces energy consumption to 17 J/TH. TSMC and Samsung have already adopted 3-nanometer chip technology, with 2-nanometer processes soon to be implemented, driving continuous improvements in mining machine efficiency.Energy costs dominate the survival of mining companies, with the network difficulty rising to a historical high of 123T, and daily earnings per TH/s (Hashprice) dropping from $0.12 in April 2024 to $0.049 in the same period of 2025. The Omani government subsidizes electricity prices to maintain $0.05--$0.07 per kilowatt-hour, while semi-official projects in the UAE have electricity prices as low as $0.035--$0.045 per kilowatt-hour, attracting institutional-level mining operations. In the U.S., industrial electricity prices exceed $0.1 per kilowatt-hour, forcing mining companies to migrate to low-cost energy regions in Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.A Cointelegraph research report indicates that the growing demand for AI computing power, global regulatory adjustments, and breakthroughs in hardware technology will continue to impact the industry landscape over the next 12 to 18 months. Efficiency optimization has become a survival necessity, with only leading mining companies able to maintain competitiveness through energy arbitrage and equipment upgrades, while sovereign nations adopt strategies alongside institutional entry or reshape Bitcoin's position in the global financial system.